LAST VOLUME : Amme İdaresi Dergisi
NO : 3
RELEASE DATE : 2024-09-01
Consistency of the analysis that we are going to make about the agricultural structure, the mode of production and the class based reflections of production relations in the Ottoman Empire depends on the knowledge which we have about the forces of agricultural production. However, it is not easy to classify the Ottoman agricultural system, which does not seem familiar with the Western Europe’s unique conditions with respect to historical and material circumstances, according to a base that have been derived from the Western Europe’s historical evolution. This was the reason for long lasting arguments on the Ottoman agricultural system which were started at the end of the 1960s. All in all, some efforts that were made to classify the Ottoman agriculture, which was built on its unique historical, social and economic structure, in the realm of “feudal system” and “Asiatic form” may be misleading with the potential of stereotyping. Actually, the basis of the ideological divergence on the Ottoman agricultural structure consists of the methodological diversifications among the analysis. Some of the historians may choose to define a system via some sort of familiarities between contemporary structures without making deeper analysis on the unique production relations and internal socioeconomic dynamics of the Ottoman agriculture. In this sense, we will try to define the production system by using the information we possess methodologically and the production means of Ottoman agriculture without suggesting any production model as apriori. Meanwhile, the mode of production was defined in the final analysis as the economic and social relationship between the forces of production that makes contributions to the whole production process. Thus, “agricultural surplus” will be fundamental as we explain the Ottoman mode of agricultural production. The answers that will be given to the questions of the appropriator of the surplus which is created in the production process, methods of appropriation and the direction of the surplus will serve the essential factors of the mode of production by revealing the production relations. However, we have to keep in mind that the Ottoman socioeconomic system may contradict with the predefined systems. In other words, it tends to include features of various systems which prevent Ottoman structure to be evaluated in the frame of classical production modes.
ARTICLES
Civil Bureaucracy as an Instrument of Power Dichotomy in the National Struggle Period
The aim of this study is to examine the power struggle during National Struggle Period and the role/status of the civil bureaucracy in this struggle. While the existing works on National Struggle Period generally focus on military and political aspects, the civil bureaucracy of this period has not been adequately addressed. However, the position of the bureaucracy had a significant impact on the establishment of the Republic and the following period. While analyzing the bureaucracy of this period, the conflict between the Istanbul Governments and the National Struggle Movement will be the starting point. The study assumes that the civil bureaucracy played an important role in the struggle for power during the National Struggle Period. It is also assumed that the political events of this period shaped the civil bureaucracy. Historically, the study covers the period from the Armistice of Mondros until the abolition of the sultanate, when the Ottoman Empire officially ceased to exist. In the study, historical research and descriptive research methods were used together in order to examine the struggle for power and the situation of the civil bureaucracy during National Struggle Period. These methods aimed to reveal the characteristics of the period and the relationship between these two phenomena.
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Authors: Hasan YAYLI , Meryem YILMAZ TOK
Page Number : 173-202
Keywords : m i l l i m ü c a d e l e , İ s t a n b u l h ü k ü m e t l e r i , t e m s i l h e y e t i , T B M M h ü k ü m e t i , s i v i l b ü r o k r a s i
Artificial Intelligence and Citizen Participation in Governance: Opportunities and Threats
This study seeks to develop a research agenda by looking at the nexus between citizen participation and artificial intelligence (AI). Existing studies have focused more on conceptual, explanatory, and practice-driven aspects of AI and overlooked the lessons, opportunities, and threats that emerge from AI’s increased yet complex application in citizen participation processes. Given that AI has the possibility of positively or negatively influencing citizens’ participation in governance processes and the high cost of adopting AI-related technologies, this paper considers it important to examine its potential threats and opportunities. To achieve this objective, the study will look at how the use of AI can enhance the participation of citizens in governance activities. The authors argue that there is great potential in enhancing citizen participation in policymaking by deploying AI technologies such as chatbots and machine learning algorithms. This will also impact policymakers’ response to citizens’ needs by gathering information and recording data, processing information, answering citizens’ queries, etc. The study however points to
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Authors: Nadia LAHDILI ,Murat ÖNDER , Israel Nyaburi NYADERA
Page Number : 203-
Keywords : Y a p a y z e k a , v a t a n d a ş k a t ı l ı m ı , d e m o k r a s i , h ü k ü m e t , p o l i t i k a o l u ş t u r m a
System Analysis Based on “Surplus” in Ottoman Agriculture
Consistency of the analysis that we are going to make about the agricultural structure, the mode of production and the class based reflections of production relations in the Ottoman Empire depends on the knowledge which we have about the forces of agricultural production. However, it is not easy to classify the Ottoman agricultural system, which does not seem familiar with the Western Europe’s unique conditions with respect to historical and material circumstances, according to a base that have been derived from the Western Europe’s historical evolution. This was the reason for long lasting arguments on the Ottoman agricultural system which were started at the end of the 1960s. All in all, some efforts that were made to classify the Ottoman agriculture, which was built on its unique historical, social and economic structure, in the realm of “feudal system” and “Asiatic form” may be misleading with the potential of stereotyping. Actually, the basis of the ideological divergence on the Ottoman agricultural structure consists of the methodological diversifications among the analysis. Some of the historians may choose to define a system via some sort of familiarities between contemporary structures without making deeper analysis on the unique production relations and internal socioeconomic dynamics of the Ottoman agriculture. In this sense, we will try to define the production system by using the information we possess methodologically and the production means of Ottoman agriculture without suggesting any production model as apriori. Meanwhile, the mode of production was defined in the final analysis as the economic and social relationship between the forces of production that makes contributions to the whole production process. Thus, “agricultural surplus” will be fundamental as we explain the Ottoman mode of agricultural production. The answers that will be given to the questions of the appropriator of the surplus which is created in the production process, methods of appropriation and the direction of the surplus will serve the essential factors of the mode of production by revealing the production relations. However, we have to keep in mind that the Ottoman socioeconomic system may contradict with the predefined systems. In other words, it tends to include features of various systems which prevent Ottoman structure to be evaluated in the frame of classical production modes.
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Authors: Ahmet ŞAHİNÖZ
Page Number : 1-38
Keywords : : T ı m a r , t a r ı m s a l a r t ı k , t a r ı m s a l ü r e t i m b i ç i m i , f e o d a l s i s t e m , A s y a t i p i
The Effects of Populism On The Political System
Populism, which made a name for itself at the beginning of the 20th century but was not seen as a comprehensive ideology or political movement, became an important phenomenon in Latin America and Europe at the beginning of the 21st century, with movements that became rulers or partners in power, influenced central politics, and made room for themselves among mainstream parties. . What kind of effects does the concept of populist democracy, which has gained a position in the political spectrum as an alternative, rival or transformer of liberal democracy, have on politics, political culture, political regime and system? In our study, we discuss the effects of populism, populist movements and populist leaders on political systems through the common features they have in the literature. In this context, the effects of populism are the increase in authoritarian tendencies; absolute sovereignty and majoritarian mentality gaining strength; opposition to representative democracy and absolute popular will/sovereignty; the construction of the people, the development of the imagination of the pure, homogeneous people; sitting on the ideological spectrum and transforming central politics; positive impact on liberal democracy, integrating the excluded into the system; It is evaluated under the titles of a vulgar, tabloid and a hamasi stylistic development.
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Authors: Yalçın AKDOĞAN 3
Page Number : 39-62
Keywords : P o p ü l i z m , s i y a s a l s i s t e m , l i b e r a l d e m o k r a s i
Migration Governance in Central Asia: Almaty Regional Consultative Process
While it seems impossible to institutionalize, fragmented and dispersed migration governance under a comprehensive and coherent multilateral framework, as the main actors of migration governance states increasingly prefer regional cooperation frameworks. Despite the recognized role of regions in migration governance there is limited research on the regional aspect of migration governance, main dynamics and features of regional migration governance and its interplay between global and national levels. In that regard, this research aims to evaluate main dynamics, features and structures of regional migration governance with a specific focus on regional consultative processes with the aim of identifying their role in regional and global migration governance. To that end, the article analyzes regional migration governance in Central Asia- a region with low levels of regionalization-through a case study based on Almaty Regional Consultative Process.
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Authors: Zeynep Özde ATEŞOK , Ayşegül KOMSUOĞLU
Page Number : 63-96
Keywords : G ö ç , y ö n e t i ş i m , b ö l g e s e l d a n ı ş m a s ü r e ç l e r i
A Current Debate on Political (in)Equality: Political Participation of Immigrants
In recent decades, the phenomenon of migration has moved away from the unity of meaning, which implies a physical change in location. Researchers have been analyzing the issue in line with political, social and economic dynamics, justifying the 21st century as the "age of migration". Indeed, migration in modern times is understood as a complex phenomenon shaped by cultural identity and security policies. This study aims to discuss the political dimension of the issue within the framework of the meanings attributed to international migration and focuses on the importance of the adaptation of migrants to host societies and the political system for democratic governments. The process of adaptation and integration, which raises the debate on political inequality, can be seen both as a source of social crisis and as a potential that nurtures cultural diversity. At this point, the main question of the study is to discuss the solution promised by the political participation of immigrants, especially the problems of cohesion and integration. Thus, political participation can contribute not only to social cohesion but also to the construction of a more inclusive and democratic society. Based on this problem, the key role of immigrants’ political participation in the social cohesion process is emphasized.
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Authors: Metin ÖZKAN
Page Number : 97-118
Keywords : V a t a n d a ş l ı k , s i y a s a l k a t ı l ı m , s i y a s a l e ş i t l i k , t o p l u m s a l k i m l i k , t o p l u m s a l u y u m
Visualizing Population Policies: An Iconographic Analysis of Turkish Postage Stamps (1927-1965)
This study examines the visual representation of population policies on Turkish postage stamps from 1927 to 1965, a period marked by significant demographic shifts and policy transformations. While extensive research has explored the use of postage stamps in nation-building and public communication, there remains a lack of scholarship investigating their role in articulating evolving population policies. This research addresses this gap by conducting a comprehensive analysis of Turkish census and population-themed stamps, situating them within the broader context of the nation's demographic objectives and sociopolitical landscape. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study combines quantitative content analysis with qualitative iconographic interpretation to decode the visual rhetoric of these philatelic materials. Drawing from the PTT Stamp Museum Archive, we systematically analyzed stamp designs, symbolism, and textual elements to trace the evolution of population policy messaging over time. Our findings reveal a visual narrative that mirrors Turkey's transition from pronatalist to antinatalist policies. Early stamps emphasized total population figures and national mapping, reflecting the young republic's focus on demographic growth and territorial consolidation. As Turkey's population policy shifted, stamp iconography evolved to incorporate modern family imagery and infographic elements, subtly promoting smaller family sizes and population control. This research contributes to the growing body of literature on visual culture in policy communication and offers insights into the intersection of philately and demography.
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Authors: Mustafa YAKAR , Michael Gameli DZIWORNU
Page Number : 119-148
Keywords : P o s t a p u l l a r ı , n ü f u s p o l i t i k a s ı , n ü f u s s a y ı m ı , i k o n o g r a f i k a n a l i z , T ü r k i y e
Sayıştay yargısı, kamu zararı, sorumluluk, hesap verme sorumluluğu
Public administration reforms entered the agenda of many countries in the 1980s. In the context of reforms, while new concepts such as accountability were discussed in public administration, the need to restructure the public financial system, and reorganizing and strengthening the relationship between the parliament and the Court of Accounts arose. The reflections of the developments in the world on Turkey have started to be seen since the 2000s; in this context, many legal regulations have been made. The most important of these legal regulations are the Public Financial Management and Control Law No. 5018, and the Court of Accounts Law No. 6085, as they regulate the public financial system and auditing. With these laws, important changes have been made in the regulations regarding the determination of the losses incurred during the budget implementations and the determination of the responsibilities related to the losses. When these changes are examined, it is understood that the concepts of 'public loss and responsibility' and related practices are controversial. In this regard, it has not yet been examined what and to what extent Laws No. 5018 and 6085 have changed in the areas of "public loss and responsibility" about the jurisdiction of the Court of Accounts, and to what extent they have affected the problems. In this study, which aims to fill a gap identified in the literature, new regulations regarding the concepts of 'public loss and responsibility are compared and constructed with the abolished laws. In summary, the study aims to evaluate and discuss the concepts and practices of public loss and responsibility in the Turkish Court of Accounts within the Turkish legal system. Moreover, it aims to develop solutions for problem areas.
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Authors: Levent KARABEYLİ , Şeyma EŞKİ ÇAYLAK
Page Number : 149-172
Keywords : S a y ı ş t a y y a r g ı s ı , k a m u z a r a r ı , s o r u m l u l u k , h e s a p v e r m e s o r u m l u l u ğ u